water_turbidity_det/train.py

# 微调pytorch的预训练模型，在自己的数据上训练，完成分类任务。
import time
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
from torchvision.datasets import ImageFolder
from model.model_zoon import load_model
from torch.utils.tensorboard import SummaryWriter  # 添加 TensorBoard 支持
from datetime import datetime
import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv
load_dotenv()
os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = os.getenv('CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES', '0')
# 读取并打印.env文件中的变量
def print_env_variables():
    print("从.env文件加载的变量：")
    env_vars = {
        'PATCH_WIDTH': os.getenv('PATCH_WIDTH'),
        'PATCH_HEIGHT': os.getenv('PATCH_HEIGHT'),
        'CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD': os.getenv('CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD'),
        'IMG_INPUT_SIZE': os.getenv('IMG_INPUT_SIZE'),
        'WORKERS': os.getenv('WORKERS'),
        'CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES': os.getenv('CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES')
    }
    for var, value in env_vars.items():
        print(f"{var}: {value}")

class Trainer:
    def __init__(self, batch_size, train_dir, val_dir, name, checkpoint:bool=False):
        # 定义一些参数
        self.name = name  # 采用的模型名称
        self.img_size = int(os.getenv('IMG_INPUT_SIZE', 224))  # 输入图片尺寸
        self.batch_size = batch_size  # 批次大小
        self.cls_map = {"0": "non-muddy", "1":"muddy"}  # 类别名称映射词典
        self.imagenet = os.getenv('PRETRAINED', True)  # 是否使用ImageNet预训练权重
        # 训练设备 - 优先使用GPU，如果不可用则使用CPU
        if torch.cuda.is_available():
            try:
                # 尝试进行简单的CUDA操作以确认CUDA功能正常
                _ = torch.zeros(1).cuda()
                self.device = torch.device("cuda")
                print("成功检测到CUDA设备，使用GPU进行训练")
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"CUDA设备存在问题: {e}，回退到CPU")
                self.device = torch.device("cpu")
        else:
            self.device = torch.device("cpu")
            print("CUDA不可用，使用CPU进行训练")
        self.__global_step = 0
        self.best_val_acc = 0.0
        self.epoch = 0
        self.best_val_loss = float('inf')
        self.checkpoint_root_path = './checkpoints'
        self.best_acc_model_path = os.path.join(self.checkpoint_root_path , f'{self.name}_best_model_acc.pth')
        self.best_loss_model_path = os.path.join(self.checkpoint_root_path , f'{self.name}_best_model_loss.pth')
        self.latest_checkpoint_path = os.path.join(self.checkpoint_root_path , f'{self.name}_latest_checkpoint.pth')

        self.workers = int(os.getenv('WORKERS', 0))
        # 创建日志目录
        timestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d-%H%M%S")  # 获取当前时间戳
        log_dir = f'runs/turbidity_{self.name}_{timestamp}'# 按照模型的名称和时间戳创建日志目录
        self.writer = SummaryWriter(log_dir)  # 创建 TensorBoard writer

        # 定义数据增强和预处理层
        self.train_transforms = transforms.Compose([
            transforms.Resize((self.img_size, self.img_size)),  # 调整图像大小为256x256 (ResNet输入尺寸)
            transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(p=0.3),  # 随机水平翻转，增加数据多样性
            transforms.RandomVerticalFlip(p=0.3), # 随机垂直翻转，增加数据多样性
            transforms.RandomGrayscale(p=0.25), # 随机灰度化，增加数据多样性
            transforms.RandomRotation(10),  # 随机旋转±10度
            transforms.ColorJitter(brightness=0.1, contrast=0.1, saturation=0, hue=0),  # 颜色抖动
            transforms.ToTensor(),  # 转换为tensor并归一化到[0,1]
            transforms.Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])  # ImageNet标准化
        ])
        # 测试集基础变换
        self.val_transforms = transforms.Compose([
            transforms.Resize((self.img_size, self.img_size)),
            transforms.ToTensor(),
            transforms.Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
        ])

        # 创建数据集对象
        self.train_dataset = ImageFolder(root=train_dir, transform=self.train_transforms)
        print(f"训练样本数量: {len(self.train_dataset)}")
        self.val_dataset = ImageFolder(root=val_dir, transform=self.val_transforms)
        print(f"验证样本数量: {len(self.val_dataset)}")
        # 创建数据加载器 (Windows环境下设置num_workers=0避免多进程问题)
        self.train_loader = DataLoader(self.train_dataset, batch_size=self.batch_size, shuffle=True, num_workers=self.workers)  # 可迭代对象，返回(inputs_tensor, label)
        self.val_loader = DataLoader(self.val_dataset, batch_size=self.batch_size, shuffle=False, num_workers=self.workers)
        # 获取类别数量
        self.num_classes = len(self.train_dataset.classes)
        print(f"自动发现 {self.num_classes} 个类别:")
        # 打印类别和名称
        for cls in self.train_dataset.classes:
            print(f"{cls}: {self.cls_map.get(cls,'None')}")
        # 打印训练集和测试集图像数量
        print(f"训练集图像数量: {len(self.train_dataset)}")
        print(f"验证集图像数量: {len(self.val_dataset)}")
        # 创建模型
        self.model = load_model(name=self.name, imagenet=self.imagenet, num_classes=self.num_classes, device=self.device)

        # 定义损失函数
        self.loss = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()  # 多分类常用的交叉熵损失

        # 定义优化器
        # 只更新requires_grad=True的参数
        self.optimizer = optim.Adam(self.model.parameters(), lr=1e-3, weight_decay=1e-4)

        # 基于验证损失动态调整，更智能
        self.scheduler = optim.lr_scheduler.ReduceLROnPlateau(
            self.optimizer, mode='min', factor=0.5, patience=5, min_lr=1e-7,cooldown=2
        )
        # 加载检查点
        if checkpoint and os.path.exists(self.latest_checkpoint_path):
            self.load_checkpoint()

    def save_checkpoint(self):
        if not os.path.exists(self.checkpoint_root_path ):
            os.makedirs(self.checkpoint_root_path )
        checkpoint = {
            'epoch': self.epoch,
            'model_state_dict': self.model.state_dict(),
            'optimizer_state_dict': self.optimizer.state_dict(),
            'scheduler_state_dict': self.scheduler.state_dict(),
            'best_val_acc': self.best_val_acc,
            'best_val_loss': self.best_val_loss
        }
        torch.save(checkpoint, self.latest_checkpoint_path)
        print(f"已保存检查点到 {self.latest_checkpoint_path}")

    def load_checkpoint(self, from_where='latest'):
        checkpoint = torch.load(self.latest_checkpoint_path)
        self.model.load_state_dict(checkpoint['model_state_dict'])
        self.optimizer.load_state_dict(checkpoint['optimizer_state_dict'])
        self.scheduler.load_state_dict(checkpoint['scheduler_state_dict'])
        self.best_val_acc = checkpoint['best_val_acc']
        self.best_val_loss = checkpoint['best_val_loss']
        self.epoch = checkpoint['epoch'] + 1
        print(f"从 {self.latest_checkpoint_path} 加载检查点")


    def train_step(self):
        """
        单轮训练函数
        Args:

        Returns:
            average_loss: 平均损失
            accuracy: 准确率
        """
        self.model.train()  # 设置模型为训练模式（启用dropout/batchnorm等）
        epoch_loss = 0.0  # epoch损失
        correct_predictions = 0.0  # 预测正确的样本数
        total_samples = 0.0  # 已经训练的总样本

        # 遍历训练数据
        for inputs, labels in self.train_loader:
            # 将数据移到指定设备上
            inputs = inputs.to(self.device)  # b c h w
            labels = labels.to(self.device)  # b,
            # 清零梯度缓存
            self.optimizer.zero_grad()
            # 前向传播
            outputs = self.model(inputs)  # b, 2
            loss = self.loss(outputs, labels) # 标量
            # 反向传播
            loss.backward()
            # 更新参数
            self.optimizer.step()
            # 统计信息
            batch_loss = loss.item() * inputs.size(0)  # 批损失
            self.writer.add_scalar('Batch_Loss/Train', batch_loss, self.__global_step)
            print(f'Training | Batch Loss: {batch_loss:.4f}\t', end='\r',flush=True)
            epoch_loss += batch_loss  # epoch损失
            _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1) # predicted b,存储的是预测的类别，最大值的位置
            total_samples += labels.size(0)  # 统计总样本数量
            correct_predictions += (predicted == labels).sum().item()  # 统计预测正确的样本数

        epoch_loss = epoch_loss / len(self.train_loader.dataset)
        epoch_acc = correct_predictions / total_samples
        return epoch_loss, epoch_acc


    def val_step(self):
        """
        验证模型性能

        Args:
        Returns:
            average_loss: 平均损失
            accuracy: 准确率
        """
        self.model.eval()  # 设置模型为评估模式（关闭dropout/batchnorm等）

        epoch_loss = 0.0
        correct_predictions = 0.
        total_samples = 0.

        # 不计算梯度，提高推理速度
        with torch.no_grad():
            for inputs, labels in self.val_loader:
                inputs = inputs.to(self.device)
                labels = labels.to(self.device)

                outputs = self.model(inputs)
                loss = self.loss(outputs, labels)

                epoch_loss += loss.item() * inputs.size(0)
                _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)
                total_samples += labels.size(0)
                correct_predictions += (predicted == labels).sum().item()

        epoch_loss = epoch_loss / len(self.val_loader.dataset)  # 平均损失
        epoch_acc = correct_predictions / total_samples

        return epoch_loss, epoch_acc


    def train_and_validate(self, num_epochs=25):
        """
        训练和验证

        Args:
            num_epochs: 训练轮数

        Returns:
            train_losses: 每轮训练损失
            train_accuracies: 每轮训练准确率
            val_losses: 每轮验证损失
            val_accuracies: 每轮验证准确率
        """
        # 在你的代码中调用
        print_env_variables()
        print("开始训练...")
        for epoch in range(self.epoch, num_epochs):
            print(f'Epoch {epoch + 1}/{num_epochs}')
            print('-' * 20)

            # 单步训练
            train_loss, train_acc = self.train_step()
            print(f'Train Loss: {train_loss:.4f} Acc: {train_acc:.4f}')

            # 验证阶段
            val_loss, val_acc = self.val_step()
            print(f'Val Loss: {val_loss:.4f} Acc: {val_acc:.4f}')

            # 学习率调度
            self.scheduler.step(val_loss)

            # 记录指标到 TensorBoard
            self.writer.add_scalar('Loss/Train', train_loss, epoch)
            self.writer.add_scalar('Loss/Validation', val_loss, epoch)
            self.writer.add_scalar('Accuracy/Train', train_acc, epoch)
            self.writer.add_scalar('Accuracy/Validation', val_acc, epoch)
            self.writer.add_scalar('Learning Rate', self.optimizer.param_groups[0]['lr'], epoch)


            # 保存最佳模型 (基于验证准确率)
            if val_acc > self.best_val_acc:
                best_val_acc = val_acc
                torch.save(self.model.state_dict(), f'{self.name}_best_model_acc.pth')
                print(f"保存了新的最佳准确率模型，验证准确率: {best_val_acc:.4f}")
            
            # 保存最低验证损失模型
            if val_loss < self.best_val_loss:
                best_val_loss = val_loss
                torch.save(self.model.state_dict(), f'{self.name}_best_model_loss.pth')
                print(f"保存了新的最低损失模型，验证损失: {best_val_loss:.4f}")

            self.save_checkpoint()
            self.epoch += 1


        # 关闭 TensorBoard writer
        self.writer.close()
        
        print(f"训练完成! 最佳验证准确率: {self.best_val_acc:.4f}, 最低验证损失: {self.best_val_loss:.4f}")
        return 1

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 开始训练
    import argparse
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser('预训练模型调参')
    parser.add_argument('--train_dir',default='./label_data/train',help='help')
    parser.add_argument('--val_dir', default='./label_data/test',help='help')
    parser.add_argument('--model', default='squeezenet',help='help')
    parser.add_argument('--resume', action='store_true',help='是否恢复继续训练')
    args = parser.parse_args()
    num_epochs = 100
    trainer = Trainer(batch_size=int(os.getenv('BATCH_SIZE', 32)),
                      train_dir=args.train_dir,
                      val_dir=args.val_dir,
                      name=args.model,
                      checkpoint=args.resume)
    trainer.train_and_validate(num_epochs)